/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package jakarta.servlet.jsp.tagext;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;

import jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspContext;
import jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import jakarta.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException;

/**
 * Encapsulates a portion of JSP code in an object that can be invoked as many times as needed. JSP Fragments are
 * defined using JSP syntax as the body of a tag for an invocation to a SimpleTag handler, or as the body of a
 * &lt;jsp:attribute&gt; standard action specifying the value of an attribute that is declared as a fragment, or to be
 * of type JspFragment in the TLD.
 * <p>
 * The definition of the JSP fragment must only contain template text and JSP action elements. In other words, it must
 * not contain scriptlets or scriptlet expressions. At translation time, the container generates an implementation of
 * the JspFragment abstract class capable of executing the defined fragment.
 * <p>
 * A tag handler can invoke the fragment zero or more times, or pass it along to other tags, before returning. To
 * communicate values to/from a JSP fragment, tag handlers store/retrieve values in the JspContext associated with the
 * fragment.
 * <p>
 * Note that tag library developers and page authors should not generate JspFragment implementations manually.
 * <p>
 * <i>Implementation Note</i>: It is not necessary to generate a separate class for each fragment. One possible
 * implementation is to generate a single helper class for each page that implements JspFragment. Upon construction, a
 * discriminator can be passed to select which fragment that instance will execute.
 *
 * @since JSP 2.0
 */
public abstract class JspFragment {

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public JspFragment() {
        // NO-OP by default
    }

    /**
     * Executes the fragment and directs all output to the given Writer, or the JspWriter returned by the getOut()
     * method of the JspContext associated with the fragment if out is null.
     *
     * @param out The Writer to output the fragment to, or null if output should be sent to JspContext.getOut().
     *
     * @throws JspException      Thrown if an error occurred while invoking this fragment.
     * @throws SkipPageException Thrown if the page that (either directly or indirectly) invoked the tag handler that
     *                               invoked this fragment is to cease evaluation. The container must throw this
     *                               exception if a Classic Tag Handler returned Tag.SKIP_PAGE or if a Simple Tag
     *                               Handler threw SkipPageException.
     * @throws IOException       If there was an error writing to the stream.
     */
    public abstract void invoke(Writer out) throws JspException, IOException;

    /**
     * Returns the JspContext that is bound to this JspFragment.
     *
     * @return The JspContext used by this fragment at invocation time.
     */
    public abstract JspContext getJspContext();

}
