Referència de la notació del GNU LilyPond: A.17 Funcions musicals disponibles

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A.17 Funcions musicals disponibles

\absolute [music] - music (music)

Make music absolute. This does not actually change the music itself but rather hides it from surrounding \relative and \fixed commands.

\acciaccatura [music] - music (music)

Create an acciaccatura from the following music expression

\accidentalStyle [music] - style (symbol list)

Set accidental style to symbol list style in the form ‘piano-cautionary’. If style has a form like ‘Staff.piano-cautionary’, the settings are applied to that context. Otherwise, the context defaults to ‘Staff’, except for piano styles, which use ‘GrandStaff’ as a context.

\addChordShape [void] - key-symbol (symbol) tuning (pair) shape-definition (string or pair)

Add chord shape shape-definition to the chord-shape-table hash with the key (cons key-symbol tuning).

\addInstrumentDefinition [void] - name (string) lst (list)

Create instrument name with properties list.

This function is deprecated.

\addQuote [void] - name (string) music (music)

Define music as a quotable music expression named name

\after [music] - delta (duration) ev (music) mus (music)

Add music ev (usually a post-event) with a delay of delta after the onset of mus.

\afterGrace [music] - fraction [non-negative rational, fraction, or moment] main (music) grace (music)

Create grace note(s) after a main music expression.

The musical position of the grace expression is after a given fraction of the main note’s duration has passed. If fraction is not specified as first argument, it is taken from afterGraceFraction which has a default value of 3/4.

\allowPageTurn [music]

Allow a page turn. May be used at toplevel (ie between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\allowVoltaHook [void] - bar (string)

Allow the volta bracket hook being drawn over bar line bar.

\alterBroken [music] - property (key list or symbol) arg (list) target (key list or music)

Override property for pieces of broken spanner target with values arg. target may either be music in the form of a starting spanner event, or a symbol list in the form ‘Context.Grob’ or just ‘Grob’. Iff target is in the form of a spanner event, property may also have the form ‘Grob.property’ for specifying a directed tweak.

\ambitusAfter [music] - target (symbol)

Move the ambitus after the break-align symbol target.

\appendToTag [music] - tag (symbol) more (music) music (music)

Append more to the back of music tagged with tag. A post-event can be added to the articulations of rhythmic events or chords; other expressions may be added to chords, sequential or simultaneous music.

\applyContext [music] - proc (procedure)

Modify context properties with Scheme procedure proc.

\applyMusic [music] - func (procedure) music (music)

Apply procedure func to music.

\applyOutput [music] - target (symbol list or symbol) proc (procedure)

Apply function proc to every layout object matched by target which takes the form Context or Context.Grob.

\appoggiatura [music] - music (music)

Create an appoggiatura from music

\assertBeamQuant [music] - l (pair) r (pair)

Testing function: check whether the beam quants l and r are correct

\assertBeamSlope [music] - comp (procedure)

Testing function: check whether the slope of the beam is the same as comp

\autoChange [music] - pitch [pitch] clef-1 [context modification] clef-2 [context modification] music (music)

Make voices that switch between staves automatically. As an option the pitch where to switch staves may be specified. The clefs for the staves are optional as well. Setting clefs works only for implicitly instantiated staves.

\balloonGrobText [music] - grob-name (symbol) offset (pair of numbers) text (markup)

Attach text to grob-name at offset offset (use like \once)

\balloonText [post event] - offset (pair of numbers) text (markup)

Attach text at offset (use like \tweak)

\bar [music] - type (string)

Insert a bar line of type type, overriding any automatic bar lines.

\barNumberCheck [music] - n (integer)

Print a warning if the current bar number is not n.

\beamExceptions (any type) - music (music)

Extract a value suitable for setting Timing.beamExceptions from the given pattern with explicit beams in music. A bar check | has to be used between bars of patterns in order to reset the timing.

\bendAfter [post event] - delta (real number)

Create a fall or doit of pitch interval delta.

\bendHold [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'hold.

\bendStartLevel [post event] - idx (non-negative, exact integer) mus (music)

Sets the details.successive-level of a BendSpanner to idx.

\bookOutputName [void] - newfilename (string)

Direct output for the current book block to newfilename.

\bookOutputSuffix [void] - newsuffix (string)

Set the output filename suffix for the current book block to newsuffix.

\breathe [music]

Insert a breath mark.

\caesura [music]

Insert a caesura.

\chordRepeats [music] - event-types [list] music (music)

Walk through music putting the notes of the previous chord into repeat chords, as well as an optional list of event-types such as #'(string-number-event).

\clef [music] - type (string)

Set the current clef to type.

\codaMark [music] - num [non-negative, exact integer]

Create a coda mark. num may be 1 for the first mark, 2 for the second, etc., or it may be \default to use the next number in sequence automatically.

\compoundMeter [music] - args (pair)

Create compound time signatures. The argument is a Scheme list of lists. Each list describes one fraction, with the last entry being the denominator, while the first entries describe the summands in the enumerator. If the time signature consists of just one fraction, the list can be given directly, i.e. not as a list containing a single list. For example, a time signature of (3+1)/8 + 2/4 would be created as \compoundMeter #'((3 1 8) (2 4)), and a time signature of (3+2)/8 as \compoundMeter #'((3 2 8)) or shorter \compoundMeter #'(3 2 8).

\compressMMRests [music] - music (music)

Remove the empty bars created by multi-measure rests, leaving just the first bar containing the MM rest itself.

\crossStaff [music] - notes (music)

Create cross-staff stems

\cueClef [music] - type (string)

Set the current cue clef to type.

\cueClefUnset [music]

Unset the current cue clef.

\cueDuring [music] - what (string) dir (direction) main-music (music)

Insert contents of quote what corresponding to main-music, in a CueVoice oriented by dir.

\cueDuringWithClef [music] - what (string) dir (direction) clef (string) main-music (music)

Insert contents of quote what corresponding to main-music, in a CueVoice oriented by dir.

\deadNote [music] - note (music)

Print note with a cross-shaped note head.

\defineBarLine [void] - bar (string) glyph-list (list)

Define bar line settings for bar line bar. The list glyph-list must have three entries which define substitute glyphs for the end of a line, the beginning of a line, and a span bar, respectively. The substitute glyphs may be either strings or booleans: #t calls for the same value as bar and #f calls for no glyph.

\displayLilyMusic [music] - port [output port] music (music)

Display the LilyPond input representation of music to port, defaulting to the console.

\displayMusic [music] - port [output port] music (music)

Display the internal representation of music to port, default to the console.

\displayScheme (any type) - port [output port] expr (any type)

Display the internal representation of expr to port, default to the console.

\dropNote [music] - num (integer) music (music)

Drop a note of any chords in music, in num position from above.

\enablePolymeter [void]

For use within an output definition. Enables polymetry, moving timing management from Score to Staff-like contexts. This is done by removing the Timing_translator from Score, and adding it to all contexts having the Staff alias.

\endSpanners [music] - music (music)

Terminate the next spanner prematurely after exactly one note without the need of a specific end spanner.

\eventChords [music] - music (music)

Compatibility function wrapping EventChord around isolated rhythmic events occuring since version 2.15.28, after expanding repeat chords ‘q’.

\featherDurations [music] - scale (non-negative rational, fraction, or moment) argument (music)

Adjust durations of music in argument by scale.

\finger [post event] - finger (index or markup)

Apply finger as a fingering indication.

\fixed [music] - pitch (pitch) music (music)

Use the octave of pitch as the default octave for music.

\footnote [music] - mark [markup] offset (pair of numbers) footnote (markup) item (symbol list or music)

Make the markup footnote a footnote on item. The footnote is marked with a markup mark moved by offset with respect to the marked music.

If mark is not given or specified as \default, it is replaced by an automatically generated sequence number. If item is a symbol list of form ‘Grob’ or ‘Context.Grob’, then grobs of that type will be marked at the current time step in the given context (default Bottom).

If item is music, the music will get a footnote attached to a grob immediately attached to the event, like \tweak does. For attaching a footnote to an indirectly caused grob, write \single\footnote, use item to specify the grob, and follow it with the music to annotate.

Like with \tweak, if you use a footnote on a following post-event, the \footnote command itself needs to be attached to the preceding note or rest as a post-event with -.

\grace [music] - music (music)

Insert music as grace notes.

\grobdescriptions (any type) - descriptions (list)

Create a context modification from descriptions, a list in the format of all-grob-descriptions.

\harmonicByFret [music] - fret (number) music (music)

Convert music into mixed harmonics; the resulting notes resemble harmonics played on a fretted instrument by touching the strings at fret.

\harmonicByRatio [music] - ratio (number) music (music)

Convert music into mixed harmonics; the resulting notes resemble harmonics played on a fretted instrument by touching the strings at the point given through ratio.

\harmonicNote [music] - note (music)

Print note with a diamond-shaped note head.

\harmonicsOn [music]

Set the default note head style to a diamond-shaped style.

\hide [music] - item (symbol list or music)

Set item’s ‘transparent’ property to #t, making it invisible while still retaining its dimensions.

If item is a symbol list of form GrobName or Context.GrobName, the result is an override for the grob name specified by it. If item is a music expression, the result is the same music expression with an appropriate tweak applied to it.

\incipit [music] - incipit-music (music)

Output incipit-music before the main staff as an indication of its appearance in the original music.

\inherit-acceptability [void] - to (symbol) from (symbol)

When used in an output definition, will modify all context definitions such that context to is accepted as a child by all contexts that also accept from.

\inStaffSegno [music]

Put the segno variant ’varsegno’ at this position into the staff, compatible with the repeat command.

\instrumentSwitch [music] - name (string)

Switch instrument to name, which must have been predefined with function \addInstrumentDefinition.

This function is deprecated.

\inversion [music] - around (pitch) to (pitch) music (music)

Invert music about around and transpose from around to to.

\invertChords [music] - num (integer) music (music)

Invert any chords in music into their num-th position. (Chord inversions may be directed downwards using negative integers.)

\jump [music] - text (markup)

Mark a point of departure, e.g. ‘Gavotte I D.C.’.

\keepWithTag [music] - tags (symbol list or symbol) music (music)

Include only elements of music that are tagged with one of the tags in tags. tags may be either a single symbol or a list of symbols.

Each tag may be declared as a member of at most one tag group (defined with \tagGroup). If none of a music element’s tags share a tag group with one of the specified tags, the element is retained.

\key [music] - tonic [pitch] pitch-alist [list of number pairs]

Set key to tonic and scale pitch-alist. If both are null, just generate KeyChangeEvent.

\killCues [music] - music (music)

Remove cue notes from music.

\label [music] - label (symbol)

Create label as a referrable label.

\language [void] - language (string)

Set note names for language language.

\languageRestore [void]

Restore a previously-saved pitchnames alist.

\languageSaveAndChange [void] - language (string)

Store the previous pitchnames alist, and set a new one.

\magnifyMusic [music] - mag (positive number) music (music)

Magnify the notation of music without changing the staff-size, using mag as a size factor. Stems, beams, slurs, ties, and horizontal spacing are adjusted automatically.

\magnifyStaff [music] - mag (positive number)

Change the size of the staff, adjusting notation size and horizontal spacing automatically, using mag as a size factor.

\makeClusters [music] - arg (music)

Display chords in arg as clusters.

\makeDefaultStringTuning [void] - symbol (symbol) pitches (list)

This defines a string tuning symbol via a list of pitches. The symbol also gets registered in defaultStringTunings for documentation purposes.

\mark [music] - label [index or markup]

Create a rehearsal mark. If label is an integer, create the rehearsal mark for the given sequence number. If label is \default, create the next sequential rehearsal mark. If label is markup, use it for the mark.

\markupMap [music] - path (symbol list or symbol) markupfun (markup-function) music (music)

This applies the given markup function markupfun to all markup music properties matching path in music.

For example,

\new Voice { g'2 c'' }
\addlyrics {
  \markupMap LyricEvent.text
             \markup \with-color #red \etc
             { Oh yes! }
}

\modalInversion [music] - around (pitch) to (pitch) scale (music) music (music)

Invert music about around using scale and transpose from around to to.

\modalTranspose [music] - from (pitch) to (pitch) scale (music) music (music)

Transpose music from pitch from to pitch to using scale.

\musicMap [music] - proc (procedure) mus (music)

Apply proc to mus and all of the music it contains.

\noPageBreak [music]

Forbid a page break. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\noPageTurn [music]

Forbid a page turn. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\octaveCheck [music] - pitch (pitch)

Octave check.

\offset [music] - property (symbol list or symbol) offsets (any type) item (key list or music)

Offset the default value of property of item by offsets. If item is a string, the result is \override for the specified grob type. If item is a music expression, the result is the same music expression with an appropriate tweak applied.

\omit [music] - item (symbol list or music)

Set item’s ‘stencil’ property to #f, effectively omitting it without taking up space.

\once [music] - music (music)

Set once to #t on all layout instruction events in music. This will complain about music with an actual duration. As a special exception, if music might be the result of a \tweak command, no warning will be given in order to allow for \once \propertyTweak to work as both one-time override and proper tweak.

\ottava [music] - octave (integer)

Set the octavation.

\overrideProperty [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols) value (any type)

As opposed to \override which overrides the context-dependent defaults with which a grob is created, this command uses Output_property_engraver at the grob acknowledge stage. This may be necessary for overriding values set after the initial grob creation.

\overrideTimeSignatureSettings [music] - time-signature (fraction, as pair) base-moment (fraction, as pair) beat-structure (list) beam-exceptions (list)

Override timeSignatureSettings for time signatures of time-signature to have settings of base-moment, beat-structure, and beam-exceptions.

\pageBreak [music]

Force a page break. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\pageTurn [music]

Force a page turn between two scores or top-level markups.

\palmMute [music] - note (music)

Print note with a triangle-shaped note head.

\palmMuteOn [music]

Set the default note head style to a triangle-shaped style.

\parallelMusic [void] - voice-ids (list) music (music)

Define parallel music sequences, separated by ’|’ (bar check signs), and assign them to the identifiers provided in voice-ids.

voice-ids: a list of music identifiers (symbols containing only letters)

music: a music sequence, containing BarChecks as limiting expressions.

Example:

  \parallelMusic A,B,C {
    c c | d d | e e |
    d d | e e | f f |
  }
<==>
  A = { c c | d d }
  B = { d d | e e }
  C = { e e | f f }

The last bar checks in a sequence are not copied to the result in order to facilitate ending the last entry at non-bar boundaries.

\parenthesize [music] - arg (symbol list or music)

Tag arg to be parenthesized. arg may be either a music event or a grob path.

\partCombine [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and return a music expression containing simultaneous voices, where part1 and part2 are combined into one voice where appropriate. Optional chord-range sets the distance in steps between notes that may be combined into a chord or unison.

\partCombineDown [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and typeset so that they share a staff with stems directed downward.

\partCombineForce [music] - type [symbol]

Override the part-combiner.

\partCombineUp [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and typeset so that they share a staff with stems directed upward.

\partial [music] - dur (duration)

Make a partial measure.

\phrasingSlurDashPattern [music] - dash-fraction (number) dash-period (number)

Set up a custom style of dash pattern for dash-fraction ratio of line to space repeated at dash-period interval for phrasing slurs.

\pitchedTrill [music] - main-note (music) secondary-note (music)

Print a trill with main-note as the main note of the trill and print secondary-note as a stemless note head in parentheses.

\pointAndClickOff [void]

Suppress generating extra code in final-format (e.g. pdf) files to point back to the lilypond source statement.

\pointAndClickOn [void]

Enable generation of code in final-format (e.g. pdf) files to reference the originating lilypond source statement; this is helpful when developing a score but generates bigger final-format files.

\pointAndClickTypes [void] - types (symbol list or symbol)

Set a type or list of types (such as #'note-event) for which point-and-click info is generated.

\preBend [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'pre-bend.

\preBendHold [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'pre-bend-hold.

\propertyOverride [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols) value (any type)

Set the grob property specified by grob-property-path to value. grob-property-path is a symbol list of the form Context.GrobName.property or GrobName.property, possibly with subproperties given as well. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \override command.

\propertyRevert [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols)

Revert the grob property specified by grob-property-path to its previous value. grob-property-path is a symbol list of the form Context.GrobName.property or GrobName.property, possibly with subproperties given as well. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \revert command.

\propertySet [music] - property-path (symbol