# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# also includes Central America and the Caribbean

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

###############################################################################

# United States

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
# and the most of the country soon followed suit.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
# Not everyone is happy with the results:
#
#	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
#	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
#	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
#	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
#	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
#	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
#	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
#	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
#	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
#	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
#
#	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
#	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
#
# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
#
# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".

# From Arthur David Olson:
# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.

# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.

# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
# An AltaVista search turned up
# <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
# </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.

# From Joseph Gallant citing
# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
#
# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
# importance."
#
# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
#
# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.

# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
# U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S

# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
# this time zone package.
# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
#    old			 new
#    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
#    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
#    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
#    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
#
# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
#    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
#    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.

# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
# USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
# USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
# USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
# USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
# USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
# USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
# USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# The above dates are for 1988.
# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
# Aleutians.

# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
#	(none)
#	United States standard eastern time
#	United States standard mountain time
#	United States standard central time
#	United States standard Pacific time
#	(none)
#	United States standard Alaska time
#	(none)
# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
# public law 98-181):
#	Atlantic standard time
#	eastern standard time
#	central standard time
#	mountain standard time
#	Pacific standard time
#	Yukon standard time
#	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
#	Bering standard time
# And after 1983-11-30:
#	Atlantic standard time
#	eastern standard time
#	central standard time
#	mountain standard time
#	Pacific standard time
#	Alaska standard time
#	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
#	Samoa standard time
# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
# See the file "australasia".

# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
#
# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
#   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
#     Sunday of March'; and
#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
#     Sunday of November'.
#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
#   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
#   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
#   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
#   States.
#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
#   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
#   Department study is complete.

# US eastern time, represented by New York

# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia

# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
# According to today's Huntsville Times
# <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
# in Columbus."

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
			-5:00	US	E%sT

# US central time, represented by Chicago

# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin

# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
#
# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
			-6:00	US	C%sT
# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT
# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
# See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT

# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
# <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
# </a>

# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
# largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".

Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT

# US mountain time, represented by Denver
#
# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
			-7:00	US	M%sT

# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
#
# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
# Malheur county), and Washington
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
			-8:00	US	P%sT

# Alaska
# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
# This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
# also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
# ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
# the Julian calendar.
#
# As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
# it's best to simply use the official transition.
#

# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
# available to Alaskan residents.
#
# <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
#
# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
# Pacific Time.
#
# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
#
# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
#
# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
#
# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
# Nation.)

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
# Community office (using contact information available at
# <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
# </a>).
# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
# did not inquire about practices in the past.

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			 -8:00	-	MeST
Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			-11:00	-	NST	1942
			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
			-11:00	-	BST	1969
			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
			-11:00	-	NST	1942
			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
			-11:00	-	BST	1969
			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
			-10:00	US	HA%sT
# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
#
# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
#
# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
# possibly until 1983:
#
#  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
#  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
#  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
#  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
#  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
#  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
#  three votes for and one against."

# Hawaii

# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
# the article is available at
# <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
# http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
# </a>
# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
# Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
# of the Territory of Hawaii."
#
# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.

Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
			-10:00	-	HST

Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston

# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.

# Arizona mostly uses MST.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
#
# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
# <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
# the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
# mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
#
# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.

Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
			-7:00	-	MST	1967
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
			-7:00	-	MST
# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
# large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
# tribal nations don't use DST.)
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.

# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
# switched four weeks late in 1974.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
			-7:00	US	M%sT

# Indiana
#
# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
# What time is it in Indiana?
# </a> (2006-03-01)
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
# with the following exceptions:
#
# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
#
# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
#
# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
#   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
#
# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
#   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
#
# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
# Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
#
# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.

# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.

# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
			-5:00	-	EST	2006
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
			-5:00	-	EST	2006
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
# in November 2007.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT
#
# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
# then switched back in 2006.
# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
# 1991-10-27.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT
#
# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1969
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
			-5:00	-	EST	2006
			-5:00	US	E%sT

# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1968
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Wayne County, Kentucky
#
# From
# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
# Lake Cumberland LIFE
# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
# location in the Central time zone.
#
# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
# (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
# The final rule was published in the
# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
# </a>
#
Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00	-	CST	1968
			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT


# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
#	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
# so omit that change for now.
# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
# 1999-10-31.  See the
# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
# </a>
# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.

# Michigan
#
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
# that Detroit kept
#
#	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
#	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
#	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
#	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
#	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
#	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
#	by city vote.
#
# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
# one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
# info, so omit this for now.
#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1942
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
			-5:00	US	E%sT
#
# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
			-6:00	US	C%sT

# Navassa
# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
# also claimed by Haiti
# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
# currently uninhabited
# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).

################################################################################


# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
#
# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.

# Canada

# From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
#
#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
#	offset	French	English	French	English
#	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
#	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
#	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
#	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
#	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
#	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
#	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
#	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
#	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
#
#	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
#	HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e	DT: Daylight saving Time
#
#	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
#	C: du Centre		Central
#	E: de l'Est		Eastern
#	M:			Mountain
#	N:			Newfoundland
#	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
#	R: des Rocheuses
#	T: de Terre-Neuve
#	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
#
# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.

# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
# & Pottenger.

# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
# 2007-03-01):
# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
# U.S. and the rest of Canada....
# http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
# ...
# Nova Scotia
# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
# http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
#
# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
# http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
# ...
# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
# http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
# ...
# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
# ...
# P.E.I. will follow US rules....
# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
# ...
# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
# ...
# Yukon
# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
# ...
# N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
# does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
# JavaScript.
# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
# ...
# Nunavut
# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf

# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
# <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
# </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
#
# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
# href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
# information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
# </a> (updated periodically).
# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
# new US DST rules,

# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
# <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
# </a>
# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
# The quote includes these two statements:
# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.

# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S


# Newfoundland and Labrador

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
# but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
# southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
# but excluding, say, Black Tickle.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
# Whitman gives the following transitions:
# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
# at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.

# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
# now occurs at 2:00AM.
# ...
# <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
# </a>
# ...
# MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
# Office of the Chief Information Officer
# Executive Council
# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador

Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
#
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
			-3:30	Canada	N%sT

# most of east Labrador

# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
			-3:30	-	NST	1936
			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT


# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
# Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
# Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
# this is a typo.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
			-4:00	-	AST	1972
			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT

# New Brunswick

# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
# The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
# For now, assume it started in 1993.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT

# Quebec

# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
# However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
# from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
# a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
# its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
# zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.

# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
# The Quebec department of justice writes in
# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
# http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
			-4:00	-	AST
Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
			-5:00	Canada	E%sT

# Ontario

# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
# Toronto.
# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.

# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
# have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
# presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
# earlier in June).
#
# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).

# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
# He also writes that the
# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
# </a>
# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
# violation of the official Ontario rules.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
#
#	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
#	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
#	the other half on eastern time.
#
#	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
#
#	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
#	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
#	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
#
# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."

# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
# time keeping since 1952, at least.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
# McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
# ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.

# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
#
# Currently the database has:
#
# # Ontario
#
# # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
# # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
# # Toronto.
# # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
# # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
# # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
#
# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
#
#     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
#     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
#
# Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
#
# I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
# observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
#
# By the way, the article continues by noting that:
#
#     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
#     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.

# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
#
# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
# was available at
# <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
# </a>
#
# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
#
#   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
# for the other provinces only approximate:
#
# 	Province	Daylight saving time used
# Prince Edward Island	Not used.
# Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
# New Brunswick		In St. John only.
# Quebec		In the following places:
# 			Montreal	Lachine
# 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
# 			Levis		Iberville
# 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
# 			Verdun		Loretteville
# 			Westmount	Richmond
# 			Outremont	St. Jerome
# 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
# 			Arvida		Waterloo
# 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
# 			Melbourne	La Tuque
# 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
# Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
# 			the southerly part of the province. Not
# 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
# Manitoba		Not used.
# Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
# Alberta		Not used.
# British Columbia	Not used.
#
#   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
# was meant.
Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
# Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
# Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
# Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
# Rule	Toronto	1938                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       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