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Kaptain

1. The Concepts of Kaptain  
2. Invoking Kaptain  
3. Grammar Scripts  
4. Examples  
5. External Control  
6. Errors  
7. Reference of Special Symbols  
A. Reference of Modifiers  
Concept Index  Concept index.

This is a manual for Kaptain, the Universal Graphical Front-end.

Copyright © 2000-2003 Zsolt Terék

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1. The Concepts of Kaptain

Kaptain is a universal graphical front-end. It was originally developed in order to provide a simple and efficient tool for creating dialog-based interface for command line programs. Now, its communication features allow it to serve the graphical user interface of a program without directly using a graphical library, such as GTK or Qt.

When Kaptain is started, it reads a so-called grammar script. This is a text file, which contains a description in a form of a context-free grammar and optionally some other instructions. This manual refers to the input file of Kaptain as a grammar script. See 3. Grammar Scripts for a complete overview on grammar script syntax.

According to the grammar script, Kaptain builds a graphical dialog box. Certain parts of the dialog box are associated with certain elements of the grammar. This association is quite natural, thats why Kaptain's language is so easy to learn.

In the dialog box, several widgets are present. These objects can be manipulated by the user--text can be entered into input fields, checkboxes can be set on and off. When a certain push button is pressed, Kaptain reads the data specified by the user in the dialog box and uses the context-free grammar to generate text. The generated text is then executed as a command, just like as if it were entered at the command prompt.

Suppose we have a program named prog that runs in two different modes. For its first mode, an integer parameter should be given, and the second mode needs some text as parameter. An example for starting prog in its first mode:
 
and in second mode 

 
Kaptain is a perfect tool for creating a graphical front-end for this
program. First of all, we need to describe the possible command lines
with a grammar.

 
start -> "prog " parameter ;
parameter -> "-x " @integer | "-y " @string ;



The grammar in the example above is almost enough for Kaptain to build a
dialog containing an integer input box and a string input field, each
having a radio button. Additionally a push button is needed and some
text might be specified in order to label the input fields.



Given a file containing such a description, Kaptain parses the grammar
and builds a dialog box. When the push button is pressed, the text is
generated according to the settings of the user.



The complete grammar for the program above might look like this:

 
start -> "prog " parameter @action(start)="Ok";
parameter -> x | y ;
x "First mode" -> "-x " @integer;
y "Second mode" -> "-y " @string;







According to the settings in the figure, the generated text is
`prog -x 0', since the first radio button is selected.










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 2. Invoking Kaptain 





Kaptain needs a grammar script in order to display the dialog. This is
usually located in a file, and the name of that file is passed to
Kaptain as an argument. The grammar script can be written to the
standart input of Kaptain, too.



The running mode of Kaptain can be normal or test mode. In test mode,
commands are not executed, they are printed to the standard output
instead.



The command line of Kaptain generally looks like this:

 
Kaptain [options] file

If the file is omitted, the standard input is used as a
source for the input file.



Some options are used to specify running mode, while others set up
different kinds of communication channels for external control. Kaptain
accepts the following switches and parameters:



`--version'


Print out the version information of Kaptain end quit.




`--help'


Write a brief help on command line options.




`--test'


Run in test mode. This means that commands are not executed when a
button is pressed, only printed to the standard output.




`-V'

`--verbose'

Report more information on processing the input file. Internal
representation of the grammar and the dialog tree is also printed. Use
this flag if Kaptain does not work as expected.




`-c host:port'

`--client host:port'


Establish communication channel as a client connecting to a server on
host listening on port.




`-s port'

`--server port'


Listen to the specified port and accept the first connection. This
will be used as a communication channel.




`-p command'

`--pipe command'


Start the given command and communicate with it on its standard input
and output. Don't forget to quote command if it contains spaces or
other metacharacters used by the shell.
 

`--stdio'


Use standard input and output for communication. In this case you must
specify an input file, thus grammar script cannot be read from the
standard input when it is used as a communication channel.




`--no-input'


Instructs Kaptain not to process messages recieved on the input channel.




`--no-output'


If this flag is set, Kaptain will not send any messages on its output
channel.








These are the possible parameters and options accepted by Kaptain
called from the command prompt.










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 3. Grammar Scripts 





The input file of Kaptain is a grammar script. It contains the
description of a context-free grammar in a form of rules. Beside the
rules, it might also contain so-called descriptions and constraints.



Comments can be placed in grammar scripts. Hashmark (`#') is a
comment character, which means that all characters after the hashmark up
to the end of the line are ignored together with the hashmark. This is
not true if the hashmark appears inside a quoted string, see
3.3 Quotations.





 

3.1 Grammars  


3.2 Special symbols  


3.3 Quotations  


3.4 Regulas expressions and translations  


3.5 Using text manipulation in grammar rules  













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 3.1 Grammars 





The program Kaptain reads an input file containing the description in
the form of a context-free grammar. The concept of context-free grammar
is coming form formal linguistic. A grammar is built up of several
rules. Each rule contains a left hand side symbol and some symbols on
the right hand side separated by an arrow:

 
start -> "progname" options parameters ;

An interpretation of a rule is the following. The symbol on the left
hand side, which is a nonterminal symbol is considered as the
concatenation of the symbols on the right, which can be either
nonterminal or terminal symbols. In a Kaptain grammar,
symbols are separated by whitespace and rules should end with a
semicolon.



Nonterminal symbols are similar to variables in other programming
languages. Their name can contain alphanumeric characters and
underscore, and should not begin with numbers.




Terminal symbols are written between quotation marks. Kaptain has many
ways for specifying terminal symbols, see 3.3 Quotations




The text generation process is an iterated application of rules on the
current sentence. Starting from the nonterminal symbol `start',
every step consists of an application of a rule. This means that a
nonterminal symbol in the current sentence--which is the left hand side
of the applied rule--is replaced by the symbols on right hand side of
the rule. This process ends if there are no more nonterminal symbols in
the current sentence.





To illustrate text generation, let us have the following grammar:

 
start -> "Your " animal "is " size ;
animal -> "dog " ;
animal -> "cat " ;
size -> "big." ;
size -> "small." ;



Starting with the sentence `start', only the first rule can be
applied.  The current sentence is then `"Your " animal "is "
size'. Here both `animal' and `size' is nonterminal,
thus any of the rules but the first can be applied. This way exactly
four different sentences can be generated by this grammar:

 
Your dog is big.
Your cat is small.
Your dog is big.
Your cat is small.



As a syntactic simplification, different rules of the same left hand
side can be written in one complex rule using `|' character as a
separator of the different right hand sides. The grammar above is
equivalent to the following:

 
start -> "Your " animal "is " size ;
animal -> "dog " | "cat " ;
size -> "big." | "small." ;



The set of sentences that can be generated using a certain grammar is
called the language generated by that grammar. Formal
languages is a branch of mathematics that deals with languages and
grammars.







 

3.2 Special symbols  













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 3.2 Special symbols 





The expression power of grammars is great. However, sometimes it is
quite comlicated to express simple things. For example, the definition
of numbers is quite long and messy: (Of course, it is possible to write
a different grammar for the numbers, this is not a unique definition.)

 
number -> digits ;
digits -> digit digits | digit ;
digit -> "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" 
       | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;



Beside terminal and nonterminal symbols, Kaptain offers so-called
special symbols to appear in grammars. 

Special symbols always start with `@'. Such a symbol almost always
refers to a widget in the dialog. For example `@integer'
represents a widget, which is a rectangular area where the user can
write a decimal number. The special symbol evaluates to the value that
it contains at the time of the text generation process.



Special symbols may accept different number of parameters and an
optional initial value. The general form is as follows:

 
@specname(param_1, param_2, ..., param_n)=initvalue

If no parameters are given, the parentheses can be omitted. The same
simplification can be applied to the initvalue, what's more, equality
sign must not be written if no initvalue is present. The following forms
are thus enabled:

 
@specname
@specname=initvalue
@specname(param_1, param_2, ...)
@specname(param_1, param_2, ...)=initvalue

Note that the number and type of parameters is not unique, but if
Kaptain cannot interpret a certain parameter in some position, then it
will be simply ignored.



The complete reference of special symbols can be found in
7. Reference of Special Symbols.










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 3.3 Quotations 


Quotations are the constructions for specifying a literal string, which
is a terminal symbol in the grammar. Kaptain understands a great variety
of quotations in order to make it possible to write character sequences
in the easiest way. The possibble quotations are similar to those of the
language perl and the unix shells.







Double quotes


Strings between double quotes are weakly quoted strings. This means that
some characters are treated as meta-characters. For example, backslash
(\) is an escape-character. The following escape-sequences are
available: \n, \t, \", \\. Other characters
are not modified if preceeded by backslash.  This way one can place
double quote character inside a string:

 
"Double quotes \" are easy to write."

which stands for 

 
Double quotes " are easy to write.



An other meta-character is the dollar sign ($), which is used for
inserting environmental variables into strings. For example in
"$HOME/hello" the sequence $HELLO is replaced by the
content of the HELLO environmental variable. If the environmental
variable name contains other characters than letters, the following form
should be used: ${ANY89}.



This kind of quotation should always end on the same line it was
started. If the end-of-line symbol is reached within the string, Kaptain
prints a warning.




Single quotes


Strings quoted by a single apostrophe are strongly quoted strings. This
means that each character inside the string stands for itself, except
the apostrophe, which always means the ending of the string. There is no
way to include apostrophe in single quoted strings.

 
'No way to have apostrophes in this string'

This kind of quotation should always end on the same line it was
started. If the end-of-line symbol is reached within the string, Kaptain
prints a warning.




Backquotes


Strings in backquotes are treated in a special way. Immediately after
the string is parsed, Kaptain executes the given string as a shell
command, and inserts the text it has written to the standard output
instead of the original string. For example, placing `ls`
evaluates to a string which contains the file names of the current
directory. An easy way to create a list box containing the available
files is the following:

 
@list(`ls`)

Since command ls returns the files separated by a newline symbol,
`@list' inserts the different lines of its parameter value as
different list items. See section 7. Reference of Special Symbols.



The commands are passed to `/bin/sh', so any shell constructions
can be given, e.g., pipes.



Using backquots is a strong form of quoting: there are no special
characters. As a consequence of this, no backquote (`) can appear
inside.




Perlish single quotes


Single quotes are used when no apostrophes appear in the string. Perl
introduced a quotation form where the user chooses the most appropriate
delimiter and any other character can be placed between the delimiters
without modification. The following

 
q%any characters except the delimiter%

is evaluated to 

 
any characters except the delimiter

and the delimiter character, here % can be replaced by any
except the following: letters, numbers, ;().=:_- and
whitespace.



The letter `q' at the beginning stands for quotation.




Perlish exection quotes


Analogous to the previous generalization of single quotes, perl
generalizes backquotes using the following form:

 
x%shell command line not containing the delimiter%

which evaluates to

 
shell command line not containing the delimiter

The delimiter can be of the same set as above, and the letter `x'
stands for execution.




Multiline quotes


A long string spreading on more than one line is usually written using
the line-delimiter construction.



When Kaptain parses two less signs (<<), the text up to the end of the
line is stored as a delimiter string and it starts to scan a quotation.
The quotation is ended if a line occurs that is exactly same as the
delimiter string.




 
... <<LINE_DELIMITER
Here goes
the long text
LINE_DELIMITER

The sample above evaluates to the following two lines:

 
Here goes
the long text

The ellipses indicates that the << sequence needs not to be on the
beginning of a line. The quotation above is equivalent to the following:

 
... "Here goes\nthe long text"

















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 3.4 Regulas expressions and translations 






 

3.4.1 Regular expressions  


3.4.2 Substitutions  


3.4.3 Transliterations  






All expressions mentioned here use / (slash) as bounding
character. This can be replaced by any expect letters, numbers, blanks,
underscore, hyphen and semicolon. But the beginning and the ending
bounding characters must be the same, there is no way to refer to that
character inside the expression. For example, instead of
m/hello/, one can write m%hello%, m^hello^, and so
on.










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 3.4.1 Regular expressions 






Kaptain understands regular expressions like grep or perl. For a
detailed review, type man grep or man perlre at the
command prompt. You can give a regular expression as a parameter to some
special symbols, like this:

 
@string(m/$[0-9]*^/, ...



Here m/$[0-9]*^/ means that the string value in the input line
must match the corresponding regular expression. In this
particular case, this means the user can only type integers into the
line input field.



When parentheses are found in the regular expression, a subexpression is
matched which can be referred with \d where d is a
digit. (\1, \2, ... \9) For example:

 
@multicol(m/([^[:blank:]]*)[[:blank:]]+([^[:blank:]]*)/, 
          "First_name Last_name",
          "Albert Einstein Dr.", "Isaac Newton", "Rudolf Kepler")



Here the regular expression matches each separate string and the
subexpressions match the first and the second word. In this case, a
twocolumn listview is displayed, each line contains a name. The first
column contains their first name, the second the last name. Note that
the third word "Dr." in line "Albert Einstein Dr." is not
matched by the second subexpression, so it is not displayed.










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 3.4.2 Substitutions 







Substitution is based on regular expression matching just like in perl
or sed. (For some metacharacters, sed uses different syntax.)
Substitution expression needs a regular expression and a substitution
string as an input:

 
s/regexp/subs/



For example, to replace the words "dog" in a text to "cat, just write
s/dog/cat/g. That g at the end means that substitution is
repeated until the regular expression cannot match. In the second part,
you can refer to the matched subexpressions by \d, where d
is a digit. \0 refers to the whole matched string. Thus the
following swaps the first two words in the text:

 
s/([^[:blank:]]*)[[:blank:]]+([^[:blank:]]*)/\2 \1/



You can use it in listbox:

 
@list(s/([^[:blank:]]*)[[:blank:]]+([^[:blank:]]*)/\2 \1/,
     "Albert Einstein Dr.", "Isaac Newton", "Rudolf Kepler")

Here, the names in the listbox will appear in reverse order (this is
common in Hungary) while the selected name will appear in the generated
text in western style.










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 3.4.3 Transliterations 






Transliteration is a very simple operation which replaces some
characters with some others.

 
tr/abc/def/

This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b 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d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with e, cE>\0This replaces a with d, b with