- ImageMagick command-line utilities to create, edit, or convert images
 

Synopsis

Description

Files and Formats

Options

Environment

Configuration Files

Authors

Copyright

animate [ options ... ] file [ [ options ... ] file ... ]
 

compare [ options ... ] image resconstructed-image output-image
 

composite [ options ... ] change-image base-image [ mask-image ] output-image
 

conjure [ options ] script.msl [ [ options ] script.msl ]
 

convert [ [ options ... ] [ input-file ... ] ... [ output-file ] ]
 

display [ options ... ] file ... [ [options ... ]file ... ]
 

identify file [ file ... ]
 

import [ options ... ] file
 

mogrify [ options ... ] file ...
 

montage [ options ... ] file [ [ options ... ] file ... ] output-file
 

ImageMagick provides a suite of command-line utilities for creating, converting, editing, and displaying images:

display is a machine architecture independent image processing and display facility. It can display an image on any workstation display running an X server.

import reads an image from any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen.

montage creates a composite by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile.

convert converts an input file using one image format to an output file with the same or differing image format while applying an arbitrary number of image transformations.

mogrify transforms an image or a sequence of images. These transforms include image scaling, image rotation, color reduction, and others. The transmogrified image overwrites the original image.

identify describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files. It will also report if an image is incomplete or corrupt.

composite composites images (blends or merges images together) to create new images.

compare compare an image to a reconstructed image.

conjure interprets and executes scripts in the Magick Scripting Language (MSL).

The ImageMagick utilities recognize the following image formats:
 

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image

Support for some of these formats require additional programs or libraries. README tells where to find this software.

Note, a format delineated with + means that if more than one image is specified, it is composited into a single multi-image file. Use +adjoin if you want a single image produced for each frame.

Your installation might not support all of the formats in the list. To get an up-to-date listing of the formats supported by your particular configuration, run "convert -list format".

Raw images are expected to have one byte per pixel unless gm is compiled in 16-bit mode or in 32-bit mode. Here, the raw data is expected to be stored two or four bytes per pixel, respectively, in most-significant-byte-first order. You can tell if gm was compiled in 16-bit mode by typing "version" without any options, and looking for "Q:16" in the first line of output.

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number, i.e., the first few bytes of the file. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix. The magic number takes precedence over the filename suffix and the prefix takes precedence over the magic number and the suffix in input files. The prefix takes precedence over the filename suffix in output files. To read the "built-in" formats (GRANITE, H, LOGO, NETSCAPE, PLASMA, and ROSE) use a prefix (including the colon) without a filename or suffix. To read the XC format, follow the colon with a color specification. To read the CAPTION format, follow the colon with a text string or with a filename prefixed with the at symbol (@).
 

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.

Finally, when running on platforms that allow it, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command (this feature is not available on VMS, Win32 and Macintosh platforms). Use a backslash or quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the |.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after an input file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. "img0001.pcd[4]") or a range for MPEG images (e.g. "video.mpg[50-75]"). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. "image.tiff[2,7,4]"). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 "image.rgb[320x256+50+50]"). Surround the image name with quotation marks to prevent your shell from interpreting the square brackets.

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (e.g., a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a %d, %0Nd, %o, %0No, %x, or %0Nx printf format specification in the file name. For example,

    image%02d.miff

writes files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

When running a commandline utility, you can prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images.

This is a combined list of the commandline options used by the ImageMagick utilities (animate, composite, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and montage).
 

In this document, angle brackets ("<>") enclose variables and curly brackets ("{}") enclose optional parameters. For example, "-fuzz <distance>{%}" means you can use the option "-fuzz 10" or "-fuzz 2%".
 

-adjoin

-affine <matrix>

	This option provides a transform matrix {sx,rx,ryl> PDB	*r--	Pilot Image Format
PDF	*rw+	Portable Document Format
PFA	*r--	TrueType font
PFB	*r--	TrueType font
PFM	*r--	TrueType font
PGM	*rw+	Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON	*rw-	Personal Icon
PICT	*rw-	Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT
PIX	*r--	Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PLASMA	*r--	Plasma fractal image
PM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
PNG	*rw-	Portable Network Graphics
PNM	*rw+	Portable anymap
PPM	*rw+	Portable pixmap format (color)
PREVIEW	*-w-	Show a preview an image enhancement,
		effect, or f/x
PS	*rw+	Adobe PostScript
PS2	*-w+	Adobe Level II PostScript
PS3	*-w+	Adobe Level III PostScript
PSD	*rw-	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PTIF	*rw-	Pyramid encoded TIFF
PWP	*r--	Seattle Film Works
RAS	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
RGB	*rw+	Raw red, green, and blue samples (8 or
		16 bits, depending on the image depth)
RGBA	*rw+	Raw red, green, blue, and matte samples
		(8 or 16 bits, depending on the image
		depth)
RLA	*r--	Alias/Wavefront image
RLE	*r--	Utah Run length encoded image
ROSE	*rw-	70x46 Truecolor test image
SCT	*r--	Scitex HandShake
SFW	*r--	Seattle Film Works
SGI	*rw+	Irix RGB image
SHTML	*-w-	Hypertext Markup Language and a
		client-side image map
STEGANO	*r--	Steganographic image
SUN	*rw+	SUN Rasterfile
SVG	*rw+	Scalable Vector Gaphics
TEXT	*rw+	Raw text
TGA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
TIF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TIFF	*rw+	Tagged Image File Format
TILE	*r--	Tile image with a texture
TIM	*r--	PSX TIM
TTF	*r--	TrueType font
TXT	*rw+	Raw text
UIL	*-w-	X-Motif UIL table
UYVY	*rw-	16bit/pixel interleaved YUV
VDA	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
VICAR	*rw-	VICAR rasterfile format
VID	*rw+	Visual Image Directory
VIFF	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
VST	*rw+	Truevision Targa image
WBMP	*rw-	Wireless Bitmap (level 0) image
WMF	*r--	Windows Metafile
WPG	*r--	Word Perfect Graphics
X	*rw-	X Image
XBM	*rw-	X Windows system bitmap (black
		and white)
XC	*r--	Constant image uniform color
XCF	*r--	GIMP image
XML	*r--	Scalable Vector Gaphics
XPM	*rw-	X Windows system pixmap (color)
XV	*rw+	Khoros Visualization image
XWD	*rw-	X Windows system window dump (color)
YUV	*rw-	CCIR 601 4:1:1
Modes:
	*	Native blob support
	r	Read
	w	Write
	+	Multi-image