/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.activemq.network;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import javax.naming.CommunicationException;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchResult;
import javax.naming.event.EventDirContext;
import javax.naming.event.NamespaceChangeListener;
import javax.naming.event.NamingEvent;
import javax.naming.event.NamingExceptionEvent;
import javax.naming.event.ObjectChangeListener;

import org.apache.activemq.util.URISupport;
import org.apache.activemq.util.URISupport.CompositeData;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * class to create dynamic network connectors listed in an directory
 * server using the LDAP v3 protocol as defined in RFC 2251, the
 * entries listed in the directory server must implement the ipHost
 * and ipService objectClasses as defined in RFC 2307.
 * 
 * @author Trevor Pounds
 * @see <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2251.html">RFC 2251</a>
 * @see <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2307.html">RFC 2307</a>
 *
 * @org.apache.xbean.XBean element="ldapNetworkConnector"
 */
public class      LdapNetworkConnector
       extends    NetworkConnector
       implements NamespaceChangeListener,
                  ObjectChangeListener
{
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LdapNetworkConnector.class);

   // force returned entries to implement the ipHost and ipService object classes (RFC 2307)
   private static final String REQUIRED_OBJECT_CLASS_FILTER  = "(&(objectClass=ipHost)(objectClass=ipService))";

   // connection
   private URI[]   availableURIs      = null;
   private int     availableURIsIndex = 0;
   private String  base               = null;
   private boolean failover           = false;
   private long    curReconnectDelay  = 1000;  /* 1 sec */
   private long    maxReconnectDelay  = 30000; /* 30 sec */

   // authentication
   private String  user                    = null;
   private String  password                = null;
   private boolean anonymousAuthentication = false;

   // search
   private SearchControls searchControls      = new SearchControls(/* ONELEVEL_SCOPE */);
   private String         searchFilter        = REQUIRED_OBJECT_CLASS_FILTER;
   private boolean        searchEventListener = false;

   // connector management
   private Map<URI, NetworkConnector> connectorMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();
   private Map<URI, Integer>          referenceMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();
   private Map<String, URI>           uuidMap      = new ConcurrentHashMap();

   // local context
   private DirContext context = null;
   //currently in use URI
   private URI ldapURI = null;

   /**
    * returns the next URI from the configured list
    *
    * @return random URI from the configured list
    */
   public URI getUri()
      { return availableURIs[++availableURIsIndex % availableURIs.length]; }

   /**
    * sets the LDAP server URI
    *
    * @param _uri LDAP server URI
    */
   public void setUri(URI _uri)
      throws Exception
   {
      CompositeData data = URISupport.parseComposite(_uri);
      if(data.getScheme().equals("failover"))
      {
         availableURIs = data.getComponents();
         failover = true;
      }
      else
         { availableURIs = new URI[]{ _uri }; }
   }

   /**
    * sets the base LDAP dn used for lookup operations
    *
    * @param _base LDAP base dn
    */
   public void setBase(String _base)
      { base = _base; }

   /**
    * sets the LDAP user for access credentials
    *
    * @param _user LDAP dn of user
    */
   public void setUser(String _user)
      { user = _user; }

   /**
    * sets the LDAP password for access credentials
    *
    * @param _password user password
    */
   public void setPassword(String _password)
      { password = _password; }

   /**
    * sets LDAP anonymous authentication access credentials
    *
    * @param _anonymousAuthentication set to true to use anonymous authentication
    */
   public void setAnonymousAuthentication(boolean _anonymousAuthentication)
      { anonymousAuthentication = _anonymousAuthentication; }

   /**
    * sets the LDAP search scope
    *
    * @param _searchScope LDAP JNDI search scope
    */
   public void setSearchScope(String _searchScope)
      throws Exception
   {
      int scope;
      if(_searchScope.equals("OBJECT_SCOPE"))
         { scope = SearchControls.OBJECT_SCOPE; }
      else if(_searchScope.equals("ONELEVEL_SCOPE"))
         { scope = SearchControls.ONELEVEL_SCOPE; }
      else if(_searchScope.equals("SUBTREE_SCOPE"))
         { scope = SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE; }
      else
         { throw new Exception("ERR: unknown LDAP search scope specified: " + _searchScope); }
      searchControls.setSearchScope(scope);
   }

   /**
    * sets the LDAP search filter as defined in RFC 2254
    *
    * @param _searchFilter LDAP search filter
    * @see <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2254.html">RFC 2254</a>
    */
   public void setSearchFilter(String _searchFilter)
      { searchFilter = "(&" + REQUIRED_OBJECT_CLASS_FILTER + "(" + _searchFilter + "))"; }

   /**
    * enables/disable a persistent search to the LDAP server as defined
    * in draft-ietf-ldapext-psearch-03.txt (2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.3)
    *
    * @param _searchEventListener enable = true, disable = false (default)
    * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/01mar/I-D/draft-ietf-ldapext-psearch-03.txt">draft-ietf-ldapext-psearch-03.txt</a>
    */
   public void setSearchEventListener(boolean _searchEventListener)
      { searchEventListener = _searchEventListener; }

   /**
    * start the connector
    */
   public void start()
      throws Exception
   {
      LOG.info("connecting...");
      Hashtable<String, String> env = new Hashtable();
      env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory");
      this.ldapURI = getUri();
      LOG.debug("    URI [" + this.ldapURI + "]");
      env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, this.ldapURI.toString());
      if(anonymousAuthentication)
      {
         LOG.debug("    login credentials [anonymous]");
         env.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "none");
      }
      else
      {
         LOG.debug("    login credentials [" + user + ":******]");
         env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL,   user);
         env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, password);
      }
      boolean isConnected = false;
      while(!isConnected)
      {
         try
         {
            context = new InitialDirContext(env);
            isConnected = true;
         }
         catch(CommunicationException err)
         {
            if(failover)
            {
                this.ldapURI = getUri();
               LOG.error("connection error [" + env.get(Context.PROVIDER_URL) + "], failover connection to [" + this.ldapURI.toString() + "]");
               env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, this.ldapURI.toString());
               Thread.sleep(curReconnectDelay);
               curReconnectDelay = Math.min(curReconnectDelay * 2, maxReconnectDelay);
            }
            else
               { throw err; }
         }
      }

      // add connectors from search results
      LOG.info("searching for network connectors...");
      LOG.debug("    base   [" + base + "]");
      LOG.debug("    filter [" + searchFilter + "]");
      LOG.debug("    scope  [" + searchControls.getSearchScope() + "]");
      NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> results = context.search(base, searchFilter, searchControls);
      while(results.hasMore())
         { addConnector(results.next()); }

      // register persistent search event listener
      if(searchEventListener)
      {
         LOG.info("registering persistent search listener...");
         EventDirContext eventContext = (EventDirContext)context.lookup("");
         eventContext.addNamingListener(base, searchFilter, searchControls, this);
      }
      else // otherwise close context (i.e. connection as it is no longer needed)
         { context.close(); }
   }

   /**
    * stop the connector
    */
   public void stop()
      throws Exception
   {
      LOG.info("stopping context...");
      for(NetworkConnector connector : connectorMap.values())
         { connector.stop(); }
      connectorMap.clear();
      referenceMap.clear();
      uuidMap.clear();
      context.close();
   }

   public String toString() {
       return this.getClass().getName() + getName()  + "[" + ldapURI.toString() + "]";
   }

   /**
     * add connector of the given URI
     * 
     * @param result
     *            search result of connector to add
     */
   protected synchronized void addConnector(SearchResult result)
      throws Exception
   {
      String uuid = toUUID(result);
      if(uuidMap.containsKey(uuid))
      {
         LOG.warn("connector already regsitered for UUID [" + uuid + "]");
         return;
      }

      URI connectorURI = toURI(result);
      if(connectorMap.containsKey(connectorURI))
      {
         int referenceCount = referenceMap.get(connectorURI) + 1;
         LOG.warn("connector reference added for URI [" + connectorURI + "], UUID [" + uuid + "], total reference(s) [" + referenceCount + "]");
         referenceMap.put(connectorURI, referenceCount);
         uuidMap.put(uuid, connectorURI);
         return;
      }

      // FIXME: disable JMX listing of LDAP managed connectors, we will
      //       want to map/manage these differently in the future
//      boolean useJMX = getBrokerService().isUseJmx();
//      getBrokerService().setUseJmx(false);
      NetworkConnector connector = getBrokerService().addNetworkConnector(connectorURI);
//      getBrokerService().setUseJmx(useJMX);

      // propogate std connector properties that may have been set via XML
      connector.setDynamicOnly(isDynamicOnly());
      connector.setDecreaseNetworkConsumerPriority(isDecreaseNetworkConsumerPriority());
      connector.setNetworkTTL(getNetworkTTL());
      connector.setConduitSubscriptions(isConduitSubscriptions());
      connector.setExcludedDestinations(getExcludedDestinations());
      connector.setDynamicallyIncludedDestinations(getDynamicallyIncludedDestinations());
      connector.setDuplex(isDuplex());

      // XXX: set in the BrokerService.startAllConnectors method and is 
      //      required to prevent remote broker exceptions upon connection
      connector.setLocalUri(getBrokerService().getVmConnectorURI());
      connector.setBrokerName(getBrokerService().getBrokerName());
      connector.setDurableDestinations(getBrokerService().getBroker().getDurableDestinations());

      // start network connector
      connectorMap.put(connectorURI, connector);
      referenceMap.put(connectorURI, 1);
      uuidMap.put(uuid, connectorURI);
      connector.start();
      LOG.info("connector added with URI [" + connectorURI + "]");
   }

   /**
    * remove connector of the given URI
    *
    * @param result search result of connector to remove
    */
   protected synchronized void removeConnector(SearchResult result)
      throws Exception
   {
      String uuid = toUUID(result);
      if(!uuidMap.containsKey(uuid))
      {
         LOG.warn("connector not regsitered for UUID [" + uuid + "]");
         return;
      }

      URI connectorURI = uuidMap.get(uuid);
      if(!connectorMap.containsKey(connectorURI))
      {
         LOG.warn("connector not regisitered for URI [" + connectorURI + "]");
         return;
      }

      int referenceCount = referenceMap.get(connectorURI) - 1;
      referenceMap.put(connectorURI, referenceCount);
      uuidMap.remove(uuid);
      LOG.debug("connector referenced removed for URI [" + connectorURI + "], UUID [" + uuid + "], remaining reference(s) [" + referenceCount + "]");

      if(referenceCount > 0)
         { return; }

      NetworkConnector connector = connectorMap.remove(connectorURI);
      connector.stop();
      LOG.info("connector removed with URI [" + connectorURI + "]");
   }

   /**
    * convert search result into URI
    *
    * @param result search result to convert to URI
    */
   protected URI toURI(SearchResult result)
      throws Exception
   {
      Attributes attributes = result.getAttributes();
      String address  = (String)attributes.get("iphostnumber").get();
      String port     = (String)attributes.get("ipserviceport").get();
      String protocol = (String)attributes.get("ipserviceprotocol").get();
      URI connectorURI = new URI("static:(" + protocol + "://" + address + ":" + port + ")");
      LOG.debug("retrieved URI from SearchResult [" + connectorURI + "]");
      return connectorURI;
   }

   /**
    * convert search result into URI
    *
    * @param result search result to convert to URI
    */
   protected String toUUID(SearchResult result)
   {
      String uuid = result.getNameInNamespace();
      LOG.debug("retrieved UUID from SearchResult [" + uuid + "]");
      return uuid;
   }

   /**
    * invoked when an entry has been added during a persistent search
    */
   public void objectAdded(NamingEvent event)
   {
      LOG.debug("entry added");
      try
         { addConnector((SearchResult)event.getNewBinding()); }
      catch(Exception err)
         { LOG.error("ERR: caught unexpected exception", err); }
   }

   /**
    * invoked when an entry has been removed during a persistent search
    */
   public void objectRemoved(NamingEvent event)
   {
      LOG.debug("entry removed");
      try
         { removeConnector((SearchResult)event.getOldBinding()); }
      catch(Exception err)
         { LOG.error("ERR: caught unexpected exception", err); }
   }

   /**
    * invoked when an entry has been renamed during a persistent search
    */
   public void objectRenamed(NamingEvent event)
   {
      LOG.debug("entry renamed");
      // XXX: getNameInNamespace method does not seem to work properly,
      //      but getName seems to provide the result we want
      String uuidOld = event.getOldBinding().getName();
      String uuidNew = event.getNewBinding().getName();
      URI connectorURI = uuidMap.remove(uuidOld);
      uuidMap.put(uuidNew, connectorURI);
      LOG.debug("connector reference renamed for URI [" + connectorURI + "], Old UUID [" + uuidOld + "], New UUID [" + uuidNew + "]");
   }

   /**
    * invoked when an entry has been changed during a persistent search
    */
   public void objectChanged(NamingEvent event)
   {
      LOG.debug("entry changed");
      try
      {
         SearchResult result = (SearchResult)event.getNewBinding();
         removeConnector(result);
         addConnector(result);
      }
      catch(Exception err)
         { LOG.error("ERR: caught unexpected exception", err); }
   }

   /**
    * invoked when an exception has occurred during a persistent search
    */
   public void namingExceptionThrown(NamingExceptionEvent event)
      { LOG.error("ERR: caught unexpected exception", event.getException()); }
}
